The feed for your switch panel will be protected by a 40A breaker mounted close to the batts. From this breaker, there will be a feed that runs forward to your helm, maybe to a positive bus, maybe straight to your switch panel. Now, all the individual circuits are protected by there own breakers, which look like this, but have waterproof boots over the reset buttons...
What you want to do is see if you have power going into the breaker and power coming out. Do this with your batt switch on, as power to the helm should be cut with the switch off. If you have power coming out of the breaker, make sure you have power at the light switch, which would be the middle spade terminal on the switch. If you have power there, then turn the light switch on and see if you have power on the bottom spade terminal. If you do have power there, then either you have a bad light, or there is a break in the positive feed or ground to the light.
But first, a little hint. Most builders will run the nav light wiring up under the deck on the starboard side, then daisy-chain over to the port side. Look in the anchor locker and see if you can see the splices towards starboard, where the port wiring is wired in. The problem maybe right there.
In case you're not familiar with using a multimeter, here's a little easy to understand tutorial...
The Proline Guy...The Multimeter